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Palo Alto Networks is a leading American cybersecurity company based in Santa Clara, California. Founded in 2005 by Nir Zuk, the company specializes in providing an AI-powered security platform that protects networks, clouds, and endpoints from advanced cyber threats. Its innovative offerings include next-generation firewalls and cloud-based solutions designed to enhance visibility and control over applications and users. The company has a rich history of milestones, including the launch of its first Next-Generation Firewall in 2007 and its debut on the NYSE in 2012. Palo Alto Networks has grown to become the world's largest standalone cybersecurity firm, serving over 80,000 customers globally, including many Fortune 100 companies. Its core platform integrates various security capabilities, such as endpoint protection, intrusion prevention, and machine learning analytics, to deliver comprehensive threat management and proactive defense against sophisticated cyber threats.

Zscaler is a software-as-a-service, or SaaS, firm focusing on providing cloud-native cybersecurity solutions to primarily enterprise customers. Zscaler's offerings can be broadly partitioned into Zscaler Internet Access, which provides secure access to external applications, and Zscaler Private Access, which provides secure access to internal applications. The firm is headquartered in San Jose, California, and went public in 2018.

Splunk is a cloud-first software company that focuses on analyzing machine data. The company is a major player in two markets: security, and full-stack monitoring and analysis. The San Francisco-based firm focuses on enterprise clients, with more than 90% of the Fortune 100 using its solutions. The firm's top line consists of the sale of software licenses, cloud subscriptions, and maintenance and support.